Gothic Quarter of Barcelona

The Gothic Quarter of Barcelona is one of the best preserved Medieval neighborhoods in all of Europe. One could spend an entire day wandering through its labyrinth of cobblestone streets and never get bored.
 
The name “Gothic” is a little misleading. The title may refer to the Gothic architecture of the cathedral, or perhaps to the former counts of Barcelona, who reigned during the medieval era and came from Gothic lineage.
 

The Gothic Quarter accommodates the oldest section of Barcelona. On the west it is bordered by the Rambla, the east by Via Laietana, the north by Plaça Catalunya, and the south by the Mediterranean Sea.
 
A walk through this neighborhood is like stepping back in time to the 14th century. Many of its corridors are so narrow that a modern car would unlikely fit. The cobblestone pavement rarely sees direct sunlight. The city has literally been built on top of surrounding structures, resulting in many accidental discoveries during modern construction, such as Roman mosaics.
 

Cathedral of Saint Eulalia.

There is no set-in-stone itinerary of what to visit in the Gothic Quarter. Perhaps the best plan is just to wander about the streets and get lost—which you will probably do! But the one place which is a must-see is the cathedral.
 
The Cathedral of Santa Eulalia is the heart of the Gothic Quarter. Although it is squeezed next to other ancient buildings, it still stands majestic with its spires, pointed arches and gargoyles. The plaza in front of the cathedral will often be found with crowds of people and street performers. If you pay close attention you will spot the partial remains of a Roman aqueduct.
 

View from rooftop of cathedral.

Cloister of the cathedral.

Although it is difficult to conceive in modern times, the cathedral was built on the highest hill in the old city. In Roman times a temple dedicated to Augustus was built on the site. Some of the columns can still be seen from inside a nearby building. During the 4th century an early Visigothic chapel was built here. Two centuries later it was considered the Cathedral of Barcelona and held the Council of 559. Amid the violence that occurred during the Moorish conquest of Spain, the church was destroyed by the Islamic ruler of Spain in 985. The Christians slowly began to push the Moors southward and eventually into Africa, which became known as the Reconquest. Once they reclaimed Barcelona, the count, Ramón Berenguer I, rebuilt the church in a Romanesque style. The cathedral as it is known today didn't begin until the year 1298 and continued until 1448, with additional improvements in subsequent centuries.
 
The interior is a cacophony of visual artwork and symbolism. Everywhere are sculptures big and small, stained-glass windows, arches, candles and silence. Yes, with the exception of shuffling feet and whispering voices, the building remains relatively quiet considering the high numbers of visitors. Although the interior has become dark and dingy over the centuries, there is still a reverence about it. It has become somewhat of a cemetery with former bishops buried beneath the floor and in the walls.
 

Sarcophagus of Saint Eulalia, located in the crypt of the cathedral.

Under the main chapel are stairs leading to a crypt, which contains an alabaster sarcophagus holding the remains of Saint Eulalia, the person for whom the cathedral is named. Saint Eulalia was a young girl who lived in the 4th century and was tortured and killed for her Christian beliefs. According to one story, the young girl was exposed naked in a public square and miraculously a spring snow-storm fell and covered her nudity. The Romans then became enraged and put her in a barrel pierced with knives, and then rolled her down a hill, leading to her death.
 

Pockmarks on the walls of the church of Sant Felip Neri.

Not far from the cathedral, tucked away in its own secluded corner, sits the solemn Plaça de Sant Felip Neri. This plaza is simple in adornment, with a single fountain in the center and two trees. A stone arch and narrow street provide portals to the otherwise closed-off square. The Church of Sant Felip Neri shares its walls with the plaza. But it is the pockmarks on the face of the wall that make this sanctuary unique.
 
There are two competing versions as to how the scars got on the wall. Both come from the era of the Spanish Civil War when the regime of Francisco Franco terrorized his opponents, who were with the Republic. The first version that I heard was that Franco's troops executed several men along the wall, and those pockmarks that exist today are from those bullet holes. But then I learned the story to be apocryphal.
 
The correct version, however, doesn't sound much more benign. During the war, a convent was being used as a home for evacuated children. On January 30, 1938, Franco's airforce dropped a bomb directly in front of the church that killed 30 children. Shortly afterward, as rescue crews were furiously working to help the survivors, another bomb was dropped, this time landing in the plaza and killing 12 more people. The pockmarks in the wall of the church are from that explosion.
 

Street performer near cathedral.

Remains of Roman Aqueduct.

Woman with umbrella on Carrer de Ferran.

One surprising aspect about Barcelona that most people don't realize is the amount of Roman structures still extant. Emperor Augustus founded the Roman colony of Barcino in 15 B.C., whose city limits were completely within what is now known as the Gothic Quarter. When the first walls were constructed they contained within them houses, baths, an aqueduct and temple. Today, certain fragments of the wall remain, along with a handful of other relics.
 
During my latest visit to Barcelona I was pleasantly surprised to find an ancient Roman necropolis in the middle of the city. I had walked through the Gothic Quarter at least a dozen times in the past and had never stumbled across this jewel. The cemetery is located—I believe—just outside the former city walls. The grounds are laid with gravel and surrounded by buildings. We were unable to walk up close to the tombs, but were able to view them from a balcony.
 

Roman necropolis.

The tombs themselves are of a curious nature. They are shaped similarly to a mailbox, but of course bigger and made of stone. Many of them have a circular hole drilled into the side. I was unsure whether these stone structures contained the body within them, or if it was only a marker that sat atop the ground. Was this the original arrangement of the tombs, or have they been rearranged by archeologists and planners over the years? Were the tombs once buried beneath the surface? Are the bodies still there? I had very few answers to my questions, but nonetheless, it was fascinating just to see a Roman burial ground.
 
Several centuries after the Romans, the Gothic Quarter was partially inhabited by the Jews. From the 7th to the 14th century, the neighborhood where they lived was known as El Call, a name derived from the Hebrew word qahal, meaning a community or congregation. Today this neighborhood is distinguished by particularly narrow streets.
 

Narrow street in the Jewish Quarter.

Plaça de Sant Miguel.

As happened in other places in Spain, the Jewish community flourished in Barcelona. It is estimated that during the 13th century, about 4,000 Jews (about 15% of the population) lived in Barcelona. They were a very smart people and worked as doctors, scholars, money lenders, merchants, and scientists. In December of 1424, the Jews of Barcelona were either forced to convert to Christianity or expelled from city during the reign of King Alfonso V of Aragon. This came 68 years before the Jews were expelled from the Kingdom of Spain under Catholic Kings Ferdinand and Isabella.
 
Today there is a synagogue in the Jewish Quarter. It is believed that it was built during the 5th century on the foundation of Roman ruins. After the Jews were expelled, it was used as a storeroom and apartments were built on top of it. It wasn't until a research project that the true origins of the building were discovered and it was restored and opened to the public.
 

Wooden crucifixes at Frederic Marès Museum.

One of the hidden gems of the Gothic Quarter is the Frederic Marès Museum, located next to the cathedral. I had walked down this street many times before, but never knew the museum existed, or at least didn't give it a second thought. Housed in the Palau Reial Major, the building itself contains a bit of history. In the 15th century it became the residence of the kings of Aragon and Castile and Christopher Columbus was received here upon return from his voyage to the New World.
 
The museum is a collection of sculptures, including many dating back to Iberian, Greek and Punic culture. But the bulk of the collection is focused on medieval Christian sculptures. The Virgin Mary and the Holy Family are common themes throughout the museum. Of interest to me are the vast amount of crucifixes depicting Christ on the cross. Often the arms of the Savior are broken off.
 
The Frederic Marès Museum is just one example of what one may find in the Gothic Quarter. A person could spend days wandering the the narrow alleyways and continue to discover hidden treasures. ♠

Plaça del Vuit de Març.

Plaça del Rei.